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You will notice that all the IP addressing schemes are /24, except for the serial link between R1 and R2. The serial link contains a mask, 255.255.255.252 or /30. BGP has no issues with VLSM. The 16 loopbacks on R1 are advertised to R2 using the redistribute connected command. The no-auto summary command ensures that R2 sees all 16 individual routes. The access list on R2 must be set with a mask of 0.0.254.255, or all even networks match these criteria. The dual-path connections between R1 and R2 allow redundancy. There are two EBGP sessions between R1 and R2; therefore, the route map on R2 is applied to both EBGP peers in case of link failure.
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